{"id":632,"date":"2011-04-22T00:14:00","date_gmt":"2011-04-22T05:14:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/search-strategies-ancestry-part-2\/"},"modified":"2013-07-22T18:16:35","modified_gmt":"2013-07-22T23:16:35","slug":"search-strategies-ancestry-part-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/search-strategies-ancestry-part-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Search Strategies: Ancestry \u2013 Part 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In <a title=\"Search Strategies: Ancestry \u2013 Part 1\" href=\"http:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/search-strategies-ancestry-part-1\/\">Search Strategies:\u00a0 Ancestry \u2013 Part 1<\/a> I showed you how to set up the search screen that I personally use, which gives you more control and usually better results.\u00a0 Part 2 will discuss various tips for conducting actual searches with this setup using Soundex or wildcard searches.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"search3\" alt=\"search3\" src=\"http:\/\/lh4.ggpht.com\/_udfzp1vLXt0\/TbEOpoHk5cI\/AAAAAAAAFx8\/Tm0nv9KTvXI\/search35.jpg?imgmax=800\" width=\"492\" height=\"345\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Soundex<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Before I get into a discussion about wildcards, I want to talk about Soundex and it\u2019s limitations.\u00a0 Many of you already know what Soundex is and how it works.\u00a0 If you are not familiar with this or want to know more, <a href=\"http:\/\/ancestry.custhelp.com\/cgi-bin\/ancestry.cfg\/php\/enduser\/sab_answer.php?p_faqid=2626&amp;p_sid=tY*1F4sk\">Ancestry\u2019s Help<\/a> does a pretty good job explaining it and showing you how to convert a name into this code.<\/p>\n<p>While Soundex is all good and well, there are some limitations and problems, in my opinion.\u00a0 First, the first character in the code is based on the first letter of the name (e.g., Tarr = T-600).\u00a0 But, sound is the focus here, so when it\u2019s misread and misindexed as Farr, the T-600 Soundex code does me no good, because the code for Farr is F-600.<\/p>\n<p>The other problem is that a code can have so many different variants that are nothing like what you are looking for. For example, a Soundex search for John Tarr in Illinois produced 248 results for the 1920 census, including the following:\u00a0 Tayor, Trey, Try, Tarro, Toher, Troy, True, Toouriy, Tria, Towery, Terry, Tauer, Thayer, Their, Therry, Theiry, Thore, Thorne, Threw, Thuraw, Toor, Torew, Torri, Tower, Tredwell, Tree, Trehey, and Trow.<\/p>\n<p>Some of these don\u2019t even come close to <em>sounding<\/em> like Tarr, but because of the value assigned to the letters, they all share the same code.\u00a0 For this reason, I personally do not use this method unless I am at a complete dead end.<\/p>\n<p>And finally, depending on the various spelling of a particular name, there could be more than one Soundex code that needs to be searched.\u00a0 For example the name Schwartz can be spelled with or without the \u201ct&#8221;,\u201d which yields two different codes (the \u201cc\u201d and the \u201ch\u201d have no bearing on the code in this case):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Schwartz\/Swartz\/Shwartz (and each variant with an \u201ce\u201d at the end) = S-632<\/li>\n<li>Schwarz\/Swarz\/Shwarz (and each variant with an \u201ce\u201d at the end) = S-620<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>So how can we overcome these limitations and problems with Soundex?\u00a0 Simply put\u2014use wildcards!<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wildcards<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are just too many variables at play with Soundex, which is why I prefer the use of wildcards.\u00a0 This for me is the fun part, and the chance to tap into my creative mind to find those pesky ancestors.\u00a0 It\u2019s a puzzle in itself, finding the right combination of letters and wildcards to have better control over your search results.\u00a0 And you may not be aware, but Ancestry changed the way they handle wildcards, probably a year or so ago, giving us even more flexibility in conducting these types of searches (before, you couldn\u2019t start with a wildcard in the first position and now you can).<\/p>\n<p>All of the following examples are from my personal experience and I hope they illustrate ways in which you can implement this solution into your own research.<\/p>\n<p>But before we get started, here\u2019s a quick definition of what wildcards are.\u00a0 In many cases, these same characters work across websites that perform search functions, however, they can vary and may have different limiting criteria.\u00a0 The following is what Ancestry allows:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A question mark (?) is used to replace one letter (e.g., use franc?s for Frances and Francis).<\/li>\n<li>An asterisk (*) is used to represent a string of letters (e.g., use fran* for Frances, Francis, Frank, Fran, etc.).\u00a0 The string could be null, in that fran* will retun Fran in addition to the others.<\/li>\n<li>A wildcard can be used in any position and multiple wildcards can be used within the same name.\u00a0 However, at least three other characters have to be used as well.<\/li>\n<li>Wildcards can be used for both the first and last name, even in the same search.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If Ancestry doesn\u2019t like your usage, it will notify you and provide suggestions for using wildcards.<\/p>\n<p>The first example I want to highlight is the Schwartz example mentioned above.\u00a0 Because this would require you to perform multiple searches (either an exact using all the variations, or a Soundex using two different codes), I use the following wildcard search that incorporates all the variables:<\/p>\n<p>s*war*z*<\/p>\n<p>The first asterisk allows the search to find anything that starts with an \u201cs\u201d and may include other letters before the \u201cw.\u201d\u00a0 The second asterisk will pick up anything that may have letters after the \u201cr.\u201d\u00a0 The last asterisk will pick up anything that may have letters after the \u201cz.\u201d\u00a0 Just because an asterisk is used, it doesn\u2019t mean that the search will only pick up names with strings to fill the blank\u2026it will also pick up the name \u201cswarz\u201d which is what is left after the asterisks are removed.<\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s illustrate the difference between Soundex and Wildcard search returns.\u00a0 Using the two different variants with Soundex and the one wildcard search, here\u2019s what the 1900 census for this surname with a location of Illinois reveal:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soundex \u2013 Schwartz (5,633) + Schwarz (8,759) = 14,392<\/li>\n<li>Wildcard \u2013 s*war.z* = 4,757<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Another name I\u2019ve been working on is Haacke.\u00a0 There are many variables for this as well (one \u201ca,\u201d no \u201ce,\u201d no \u201ck\u201d or any combination thereof), although the variables are covered by one Soundex code.\u00a0 Here\u2019s the wildcard string I\u2019ve been using:<\/p>\n<p>h*ac*<\/p>\n<p>This helps me pick up names that have either one or two of the letter \u201ca\u201d and those missing the \u201ck\u201d and\/or the \u201ce.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Using the same criteria of a location of Illinois and the 1900 census, the following are the search results:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Soundex \u2013 Haacke = 34,616<\/li>\n<li>Wildcard \u2013 h*ac* = 6,308<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>As you can see, there is a huge difference in the number of returns you get.\u00a0 Although the wildcard searches are still numerous, it\u2019s certainly more manageable than the Soundex results.\u00a0 And also keep in mind that the search was done on surname only and a location of Illinois.\u00a0 Adding a first name will surely bring those numbers down.\u00a0 And, I also have some tips for narrowing down search results specifically for censuses (this will be covered in Part 3).<\/p>\n<p>Following are some more examples:<\/p>\n<table width=\"514\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\"><strong>Searching For Variations<\/strong><\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\"><strong>Wildcard String<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Boone \/ Boon<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">boon*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Leppin\/ Leppen \/ Leppon \/ Lippin \/ Lippen \/ Lippon<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">l?p*n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Miserentino\/ Miserintino \/ Miserendino \/ Miserindino<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">miser*ino<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Norton \/ Naughton<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">n\u201dton<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Rodgers \/ Rogers<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">ro*gers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Bachmann\/ Bachman \/ Backmann \/ Backman<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">bac?man<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">John \/ Johan\/ Johann, Johnny, Johnnie<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">joh*n*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Francis \/ Frances \/ Frank \/ Franny \/ Fran \/ Francesca<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">fran*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Francis \/ Frances (only)<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">franc?s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Caroline \/ Carolyn \/ Carolina<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">carol*n*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Kathrine \/ Katherine \/ Catherine \/ Cathrine (or those ending in an \u201ca\u201d)<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">?ath*rin*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Kathleen \/ Cathleen<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">?athleen<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">All the Katherine and Kathleen variants combined<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">?ath*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Hulda \/ Huldah \/ Hilda \/ Holda<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">h?lda*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Jesse \/ Jessie \/ Jess<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">jess*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Elizabeth \/ Eliza<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">eliza*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Ann \/ Anne \/ Anna<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">ann*<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Marion \/ Marian<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">mari?n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Solomon \/ Solmon \/ Salomon \/ Salmon<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">s?l*mon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"401\">Phebe \/ Phoebe<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"111\">ph*be<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>Tip:<\/strong>\u00a0 If you have an O prefix, add an asterisk after the \u201co\u201d and it will pick up those indexed with and without an apostrophe.\u00a0 Unfortunately, in order to search for prefixes (O, Mc, Mac) that may or may not include a space, you\u2019ll have to run a search with and without a space in order to pick each type up in the index (an asterisk will not pick the space up\u2014maybe someday it will\u2014hint, hint).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Another Tip<\/strong>:\u00a0 Use wildcards to not only represent variants of spelling, but also in terms of what\u2019s legible and what\u2019s not.\u00a0 Characters can be misread and therefore misindexed, such as \u201ca\u201d and \u201co\u201d or \u201cT\u201d and \u201cF\u201d or \u201cp\u201d and \u201cf\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>While I can\u2019t cover every possible wildcard search in this post, this should give you a better idea of how and when to use wildcards to maximize your search.<\/p>\n<p><em>See also:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"Search Strategies: Ancestry \u2013 Part 1\" href=\"http:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/search-strategies-ancestry-part-1\/\">Search Strategies:\u00a0 Ancestry \u2013 Part 1<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"Search Strategies: Ancestry \u2013 Part 3\" href=\"http:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/search-strategies-ancestry-part-3\/\">Search Strategies:\u00a0 Ancestry \u2013 Part 3<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Search Strategies:\u00a0 Ancestry \u2013 Part 1 I showed you how to set up the search screen that I personally use, which gives you more control and usually better results.\u00a0 Part 2 will discuss various tips for conducting actual searches with this setup using Soundex [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[27,25,29],"tags":[373],"class_list":["post-632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-how-to","category-genblog","category-technology-genblog","tag-tools-tech-ancestry","cat-27-id","cat-25-id","cat-29-id"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p3HcLI-ac","jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=632"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4614,"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/632\/revisions\/4614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/genealogy.julietarr.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}